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Gene Therapy for Neuronopathic Mucopolysaccharidoses: State of the Art
source: International journal of molecular sciences
year: 2021
authors: de Castro MJ,Del Toro M,Giugliani R,Couce ML
summary/abstract:The need for long-lasting and transformative therapies for mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) cannot be understated. Currently, many forms of MPS lack a specific treatment and in other cases available therapies, such as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), do not reach important areas such as the central nervous system (CNS). The advent of newborn screening procedures represents a major step forward in early identification and treatment of individuals with MPS. However, the treatment of brain disease in neuronopathic MPS has been a major challenge to date, mainly because the blood brain barrier (BBB) prevents penetration of the brain by large molecules, including enzymes. Over the last years several novel experimental therapies for neuronopathic MPS have been investigated. Gene therapy and gene editing constitute potentially curative treatments. However, despite recent progress in the field, several considerations should be taken into account. This review focuses on the state of the art of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy-based approaches targeting the CNS in neuronopathic MPS, discusses clinical trials conducted to date, and provides a vision for the future implications of these therapies for the medical community. Recent advances in the field, as well as limitations relating to efficacy, potential toxicity, and immunogenicity, are also discussed.
organization: Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Santiago de Compostela University Clinical Hospital, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179200
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